WebDriverManager setup failing to download chromedriver 116

这是复制该问题的代码。在 chromedriver 114 之前，这一切都工作正常，但当 chrome 浏览器升级到 116 时，它就崩溃了。

import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;

public class ChromeTest {
public static void main(String args[]) {
    WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup();
    WebDriver driver  = new ChromeDriver();
    driver.get("https://www.google.com/");
    String title = driver.getTitle();
    System.out.println(title);
    driver.quit();
  }
}

该错误表明库无法访问 116 的版本文件

请使用最新版本的WebDriverManager。 WDM 版本 5.4.1 已经为我解决了这个问题。 Google 发布了新的 Chrome 风格，专门针对 Web 应用程序测试和自动化用例，这意味着 Chrome 驱动程序下载 URL 已从 Chrome 版本 115 更改

参考： https://developer.chrome.com/blog/chrome-for-testing/

WebDriver下载网址：https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/

我在 WebDriverManager 文档的 了解问题部分 中创建了一个新的小节（请参阅支持 chromedriver 115+）。

总而言之，解决此问题的方法是将 WebDriverManager 升级到最新版本（当前为 5.5.2）。另外，为了确保错误的版本没有缓存在resolution cache中（有关doc），您可以完全刷新缓存文件夹（至少一次），如下所示：

WebDriverManager.chromedriver().clearDriverCache().setup();

从4.6.0版本开始无需使用WebDriverManager，Selenium Manager会帮你直接下载并匹配浏览器驱动版本， 将你的 Selenium 升级到 4.11.0

对于 Mac 并使用 NPM webdriver-manager 包，

1. 根据您的浏览器版本下载相同版本的 chrome-driver。 https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/
2. 转到 cd /usr/local/lib/node_modules/protractor/node_modules/webdriver-manager/selenium。
3. 将下载的 chrome-driver 复制到此文件夹。
4. 使用最新的 selenium chrome 驱动程序版本重命名下载的 chrome-driver 版本。例如 -> 下载 chrome-driver 到 chromedriver_114.0.5735.90。
5. 重命名后，也将其转换为zip文件夹。
6. 从安全和隐私角度无论如何都允许。

现在，您将在最新的浏览器中使用最新的 selenium chrome 驱动程序。您不会看到以下错误“session not created: This version of ChromeDriver only supports Chrome version 114 Current browser version is 116.0.5845.110 with binary path /Applications/Google Chrome.app/Contents/MacOS/Google Chrome”。

重命名后不要运行 webdriver-manager update cmd，否则会覆盖旧版本的 chrome-driver

使用 Selenium Webdriver 版本 4.11.0 可以缓解此问题

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
    <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
    <version>4.11.0</version>
</dependency>

   // WebDriverManager.chromedriver().setup(); -- Not required
    WebDriver driver  = new ChromeDriver();
    driver.get("https://www.google.com/");

import io.github.bonigarcia.wdm.WebDriverManager;
import org.openqa.selenium.Point;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeOptions;
import org.jsoup.Jsoup;
import org.jsoup.nodes.Document;
import org.jsoup.select.Elements;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.channels.Channels;
import java.nio.channels.ReadableByteChannel;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Path;
import java.nio.file.Paths;


public class Selenium {
    private static WebDriver driver = null;

    private static final String CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION_FILE = "chromedriver_version.txt";

    private static final String userHome = System.getProperty("user.home");
    private static final String baseChromeDriverPath = userHome + "\\.cache\\selenium\\chromedriver\\";


    static {
        checkAndCreateVersionFile();
    }

    public static void checkAndCreateVersionFile() {
        File file = new File(CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION_FILE);
        if (!file.exists()) {
            try {
                if (file.createNewFile()) {
                    saveChromeDriverVersion("Ваша версия ChromeDriver");
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                System.out.println("Ошибка при создании файла chromedriver_version.txt: " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }

    public static WebDriver getDriver() {
        return driver;
    }

    public static void setDriver(WebDriver driver) {
        Selenium.driver = driver;
    }

    public static void saveChromeDriverVersion(String version) {
        try (FileWriter writer = new FileWriter(CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION_FILE)) {
            writer.write(version);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Error saving ChromeDriver version: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    public static String getSavedChromeDriverVersion() {
        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(CHROMEDRIVER_VERSION_FILE))) {
            return reader.readLine().trim();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Error reading saved ChromeDriver version: " + e.getMessage());
            return null;
        }
    }

    private static final String CHROME_FOR_TESTING_URL = "https://googlechromelabs.github.io/chrome-for-testing/";

    public static String getChromeDriverDownloadLink(String majorVersion) throws Exception {
        Document doc = Jsoup.connect(CHROME_FOR_TESTING_URL).get();
        Elements rows = doc.select("tr.status-ok");

        for (org.jsoup.nodes.Element row : rows) {
            if (row.select("th code:containsOwn(win64)").size() > 0) {
                String downloadLink = row.select("td code").first().text();
                if (downloadLink.contains("chromedriver") && downloadLink.contains(majorVersion)) {
                    return downloadLink;
                }
            }
        }

        throw new Exception("Download link not found for Chrome major version: " + majorVersion);
    }
    public static String getChromeDriverVersion() {
        try {
            return WebDriverManager.chromedriver().getDownloadedDriverVersion();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Error getting ChromeDriver version: " + e.getMessage());
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static String extractVersionFromDownloadLink(String downloadLink) {
        // Предполагается, что ссылка имеет формат подобный .../chromedriver/{version}/chromedriver_win32.zip
        String[] parts = downloadLink.split("/");
        return parts[parts.length - 3];
    }

    public static WebDriver startDriver(boolean hidden) throws Exception {
        String majorVersion = getChromeVersion().split("\\.")[0];
        String downloadLink = getChromeDriverDownloadLink(majorVersion);
        String currentChromeDriverVersion = extractVersionFromDownloadLink(downloadLink);
        String savedChromeDriverVersion = getSavedChromeDriverVersion();
        String arch = downloadLink.contains("win64") ? "win64" : "win32";
        String PathCurrentDriver = baseChromeDriverPath + arch + "\\" + currentChromeDriverVersion + "\\chromedriver.exe";

        if (currentChromeDriverVersion.equals(savedChromeDriverVersion) && fileExists(PathCurrentDriver)){
            // Если драйвер найден, копируем его
            Main.uniquePath = baseChromeDriverPath + arch + "\\" + currentChromeDriverVersion + "\\" + "chromedriver_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".exe";
            Files.copy(Paths.get(PathCurrentDriver), Paths.get(Main.uniquePath));
            // Используем путь к уникальному драйверу
            System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", Main.uniquePath);
        }else{
            if (currentChromeDriverVersion == null) {
                System.out.println("Chrome is not found on your system");
                return null;
            }
            String[] architectures = { "win32", "win64" };
            boolean driverExists = false;
            for (String archi : architectures) {
                String chromeDriverPath = baseChromeDriverPath + archi + "\\" + currentChromeDriverVersion + "\\chromedriver.exe";
                if (Files.exists(Paths.get(chromeDriverPath))) {
                    driverExists = true;
                    System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", chromeDriverPath);
                    break;
                }
            }
            if (!driverExists) {

                try { downloadAndSetupDriver(downloadLink, currentChromeDriverVersion);

                } catch (Exception e) {
                    WebDriverManager.chromedriver().forceDownload().setup();
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    return null;
                }
            }else {
                // Если драйвер найден, копируем его
                Main.uniquePath = baseChromeDriverPath + arch + "\\" + currentChromeDriverVersion + "\\" + "chromedriver_" + System.currentTimeMillis() + ".exe";
                Files.copy(Paths.get(baseChromeDriverPath + arch + "\\" + currentChromeDriverVersion + "\\chromedriver.exe"), Paths.get(Main.uniquePath));
                // Используем путь к уникальному драйверу
                System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", Main.uniquePath);
            }
        }
        ChromeOptions chromeOptions = new ChromeOptions();
        chromeOptions.addArguments("--disable-gpu", "--window-size=1800,1000", "--ignore-certificate-errors", "--no-sandbox");
        if (hidden) {
            //chromeOptions.addArguments("--headless");
        }

        try {
            WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(chromeOptions);
            driver.manage().deleteAllCookies();
            driver.manage().window().setPosition(new Point(0, 0));
            setDriver(driver);
            return driver;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static void downloadAndSetupDriver(String downloadLink, String currentChromeDriverVersion) throws IOException {
        // Определение архитектуры скачанного файла
        String arch = downloadLink.contains("win64") ? "win64" : "win32";
        // Скачивание ChromeDriver
        String driverVersion = extractVersionFromDownloadLink(downloadLink);
        saveChromeDriverVersion(driverVersion);

        String zipFilePath = baseChromeDriverPath + "chromedriver.zip";
        downloadFile(downloadLink, zipFilePath);


        // Распаковка и копирование
        String destDir = baseChromeDriverPath + arch + "\\" + currentChromeDriverVersion;
        Unzip.zipExtractor(zipFilePath, destDir);
        Files.copy(Path.of(Paths.get(destDir) + "\\chromedriver.exe"), Paths.get(baseChromeDriverPath + arch + "\\" + currentChromeDriverVersion + "\\" + Main.uniquePath));
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", baseChromeDriverPath + arch + "\\" + currentChromeDriverVersion + "\\" + Main.uniquePath);
    }



    public static String getChromeVersion() {
        String os = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
        String[] cmd;

        if (os.contains("win")) {
            cmd = new String[]{"powershell", "(Get-Item 'C:\\Program Files\\Google\\Chrome\\Application\\chrome.exe').VersionInfo.ProductVersion"};
        } else if (os.contains("nix") || os.contains("nux") || os.contains("mac")) {
            cmd = new String[]{"/bin/bash", "-c", "google-chrome --version"};
        } else {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Unsupported operating system: " + os);
        }

        ProcessBuilder processBuilder = new ProcessBuilder(cmd);

        try {
            Process process = processBuilder.start();
            BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(process.getInputStream()));
            String version = reader.readLine();

            if (version != null) {
                return version.trim();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println("Exception while getting Chrome version: " + e);
        }

        System.out.println("Chrome version not found");
        return null;
    }



    public static void downloadFile(String url, String localFilename) throws IOException {
        try (ReadableByteChannel rbc = Channels.newChannel(new URL(url).openStream());
             FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(localFilename)) {
            fos.getChannel().transferFrom(rbc, 0, Long.MAX_VALUE);
        }
    }

    public static void quitDriver() {
        if (driver != null) {
            driver.quit();
        }
        try {
            Files.deleteIfExists(Paths.get(Main.uniquePath));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    public static boolean fileExists(String path) {
        File file = new File(path);
        return file.exists();
    }

}